OzMoot 2025 – Day 3 – Morning

Corey Olsen Keynote Address

  • The Music of Words: Tolkien and Hip-Hop
  • I am not the “Hip-Hop Professor”
  • Poetry as an active literary for died in the 20th century – except here
  • Traditional Poetry: A framework vs the words you are saying. Rhythm and Rhyme
  • Example Dr Seuss – Starts with a perfect rhyme but there he varies it at the end and then later last line is a big twist
  • Origin DJ + MC in Harlem 70s street parties
    • Rhythm+Rhyme in a musical context
    • Has an actual beat and music
  • Run DMC – It’s like That
    • Preamble
      • The line breaks in printed lyrics match the meter
      • This is rarely true with normal printed lyrics
      • They are often also inaccurate
    • Review
      • The shape and packing is not unlike a normal song
      • But the music of the piece is entirely spoken words
    • Rhyme Scheme
      • Beats – beat 3 is where all rhymes are
      • “Thats the way it is” never rhymes with anything. Because the point of a song is that things are wrong
  • Redman: “Time 4 Sumaksion”
    • Beat 1 and 3 are the primary beats
    • Diagram – Blue is primary
  • Rakim: Guess Who’s back?
    • One of the few hiphop artists who does multi-syllabic rhyme
    • Much less rigid, less stuff on the 3rd beat
    • Signals change to rhyme ahead of time
    • Parody the “Simplicity of what Djs do”
    • The hip-hop version on enjambment
  • Tech N9in: Devil Boy
    • Empty first beat ( until the last time )
    • “god i ly” three syllable word
    • Lots of alliteration
    • Then transitions to new pattern for second half of the verse
  • Eminem: “Lose Yourself”
    • One of the most perfect and extraordinary passages of poetry in the English Language
    • “sweater and sweaty” don’t rhyme 100% but that isn’t important
    • Rhyme matches the narrative ( where is gets stuck in front of the crowd )
    • Main bit: 3 syllable rhyme at end of most lines ( gravity, rabbit he ) and separate 3 syllable rhyme at the start of each line.
    • ..and he keeps the narrative which varying the flow
    • In the chorus everybody dances . Transitions in simpler 1-2 syllable rhymes
  • Eminem: Without Me
  • Eminem: Lock it up
  • Eminem: Untitled
    • Raps in 6/8 measure (unlike 99% of RAP is in 4/4)
  • Eminem: Venom
  • Eminem: Godzilla
    • Extremely fast bit
    • Speed up? But has been performed live at similar space
  • Joyner Lucas: From ‘Lucky You’
  • “This is going to be quick, we’re just going to talk about two Tolkien Poems”
  • Tolkien: Gimli’s Song
    • Very Regular. Should be boring
    • But it isn’t boring, why?
    • The 3rd dimension of this poem is alliteration
    • Tolkien sees d/t and y/w as cousins in rhyming (see Tengwar )
    • Does a melody in the alliteration on top of the rhyme
    • Varies things at the end to indicate a closing (and pump up the final line)
  • Does he do this elsewhere, pick another poem
  • Tolkien: Boromir’s Lament
    • This poem is a more complicated meter and is more complex overall
    • Alliteration: W’s form the dominate theme
    • n’s and m’s also
  • Q: What Literature influenced early rappers?
    • Possibly just emerged and influenced each other
  • Q: Public Enemy?
    • Listened to a lot of that. And commentary on them

Presentation: Sam Lewis – The Elves and the Celts: Elvish Poetry in ‘The Hobbit’

  • Big disclaimer at start.
  • Tolkien’s Faerie
    • Mythology for England / Britain
    • But the Celts were already there
  • Creating a Celtic Britain
    • 1760 onwards , sometimes manufactured
    • Anglo-Saxon = Modern . Celt = mythical, stone-age, edge of world
    • Tolkien’s view
      • ‘The wild incalculable poetic Celt”
      • co-inhabitants of the same island
  • Teutonic and Celtic in ‘The Hobbit”
    • Three poems
  • The Withered Health
    • Dwarf poem from Queer Lodgings in The Hobbit
    • wind is usually interpreted as representing the swarves and/or providence/fate
  • O! What are you doing?
  • The Dragon has Withered
  • Talk a bit fast for me too keep up with notes

Presentation: Lauren Brand – The Music of Nimrodel

  • As the company enter Lothlorien they come across the stream the Nimrodel
  • How much music in Middle earth relates to fresh water bodies?
  • Mapped up occurances of references to bodies of water and looked for songs/music and other descriptive words
    • 1216 occurrences
    • 621 no description
    • 123 a sound
    • 231 visual description
    • 53 touch
    • 20 taste
    • 22 smell
  • Sound comes and goes in various stages. Some waters like the Brandywine is described
  • Mordor has little water but Sam and Frodo are obsessed with it’s lack so lot of descriptions
  • Where is is the music of waters?
    • “a dream of music that turns into running water”
    • “a voice singing mingled with the sound of water”
  • Other noisy places
    • Gate stream “trickling” , “a swish followed by a plop”
    • “A mighty roaring mingled with a deep throbing boom”
    • “Voice of Morgalduin … seemed cold and cruel”
  • Spirit of the River is common
    • Like to drag people underwater and drown them
    • Jenny Greenteeth
  • Goldberry
  • Nimrodel
  • Others
    • Raros
    • Mirrormere
    • Galadriel’s Mirror
  • In conclusion, listen to the sounds around you especially the sounds of waters
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OzMoot 2025 – Day 2 – Afternoon

Presentation: Cassidy Winter – Invertebrates in the Works of Tolkien and the Societal Impact of Those Portrayals

  • Hypotheses
    • Shelob = Hobbit
    • If Invertebrates written as evil by Tolkien
  • What is an Invertebrate?
  • Ungoliant
    • Takes the form of a Spider
  • Beorn’s Giant Bees
  • Mirkwood Spiders
  • Were-worms
  • Shortcut to mushroom: Spider, Centipede, Earthworms
  • Neekerbreekers
  • Morgul Flowers and Flies(?)
  • Sheblob – Spider
  • Butterflies
  • Gwaihir’s Moth pal – Film only
  • Ants, Glowworms, snails
  • Compiled list of all animal entries in Tolkien
  • Invertebrate by clade and alignment
  • Spiders mostly bad, butterflies mostly good
  • Stats
    • Horses good
    • Reptiles evil
    • invertebrates up in air
  • Horses have a capacity for evil matched only by Humans in my opinion

Presentation: Ilana Mushin – Pride and Prejudice

  • What does Tolkien mean by Pride / Proud?
    • “proud and fair” in the dead marshes
    • “pride and dispair” Gandalf to Denothor
  • Pride is French word with positives connotations
    • Once in Old English it started to become negative (haughty, overbearing)
    • Middle-English – Gets back some positive meanings
  • The Grammar of Pride / Proud
    • To complex for me to summarize
  • Around 30% uses were positive
  • Negative 37%
  • 33% not clear if it positive or negative
  • Who is proud?
    • Saruman
    • Individual Elves (but sometimes Noldor)
    • Denethor
    • Folk of Gondor
    • Shadowfax
    • Turin
  • Sauron and Morgoth are not described has having pride
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OzMoot 2025 – Day 2 – Morning

Presentation: Jordan Rannells – Exploring the Legendarium in 3D Audio

  • Created a 3D Audio experience for the Lord of the rings. Ambient sounds and music lines of the the Williams and Serkis audiobooks of the Lord of The Rings
  • Demo with Farmer Maggot and the Hobbits riding in his cart. Showing the way different channels are used
  • Demo from start of the Hobbit
  • People who know the stories can just listen to the soundscape and if the know the story well they can guess where they are without the actual audiobook words
  • So Far Hobbit, LoTR, First Happy Potter and Wheel of Time
  • Working on the Silmarillion. This is got a lot more music since Ambient is not so useful since words don’t usually directly describe things happening in real time.
  • Also working on more Wheel of Time and Tolkien “The Three Great Tales”
  • Origin of project
    • Started exclusively listening to audiobooks
    • Heard the Phil Dragash version
    • Listened to Star Wars versions but though they didn’t do as much music as liked
    • Heard some dramatizations and wanted to do with the full full text
    • Technology improved so multi-channels via headphones worked
  • Most of the Ambient sounds came from libraries but created some himself

Presentation: Julian Barr – World Breaker

  • Reading from his new Epic Fantasy Novel
  • Inspired by Aus bushfires and Covid lockdowns
  • Got comfort from old Fantasy Books
  • “Heroes still exist and bad times don’t last forever”
  • Rediscovered like of fairy-tales
  • Mashing fairy-tales with high-fantasy
  • Julian did a longing reading from the book
  • Maps? – Country fairly small but quite detailed
  • Languages? – No constructed languages in book
  • Please expand on Origins
    • Inspired by Australian communities surviving wildfires
    • 21st century seems to require a lot of resilience
    • Worried especially younger people despairing about the future
    • But people are more adaptable than many give credit for
    • Series says ordinary heroes still exist and can overcome
  • Planned for 3+ in series . But working on other projects too

Presentation: Stephen Vrettos – The Sound of Silver

  • Sliver is a motif in Legendarium
  • The sound of the word works will in hhrase
  • Sounds of silver: Soft tone
    • Movement of water
  • Gold in middle earth is often associated with evil
  • Water in a spring is described as “falling silver”
  • “murmuring of a silver stream”
  • “sheer, heart-piercing silver, rang her voice”
  • Brighter high-pitched sound than gold
  • Lots and lots of examples. I wasn’t able to keep up.
  • Goldberry – name is Gold, associated with Silver?
    • But her name mostly comes from Water Lilies
    • Probably the colour of the rushes
  • Also the Gold-Substance is partially seperate from Gold-Colour
  • Some discussion on the sound of Mithril
    • silver is bells, mithril is Tubular Bells

Additional question for morning Speakers

  • Some more discussion about Silver and other metals
  • Julian talked a lot about apples trees in the extract he read and how apples trees are big in mythology

Discussion Panel: Anthony Lawther, Phillip Menzies and Elizabeth (Dizzy) Rodrigues-Schifter – Exploring Espressione in “Exploring the Lord of the Rings”

  • Panel Discussion
  • Posted version of the Exploring the Lord of the Rings theme
  • Outlines who they started joining listening to the podcast
  • Gave an overview of the podcast and what it is about
  • “My Wife says: Can you put Corey on when we are in Bed so she can fall asleep”
  • Talks above favorite bits of the podcast. eg exactly where Frodo was stabbed, the Wargs
  • Poems each liked
    • Dizzy – Road goes ever on
    • Phil – I sit beside the Fire
    • Anthony – Gimli’s song about Durin
      • Giant Spreadsheet, showing stresses of words etc
      • Questions about listening to the podcast, how much is about the book and how much other stuff.

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OzMoot 2025 – Day 1

Welcome

  • In the grey area between fan convention and academic conference

Cover Versions: Exploring Adaptation Through Concepts of Legendarium Resonance by Louise Mathieson

  • Which cover of the song “Over the Rainbow” do you like?
  • People tend toward the original being best
  • For Tolkien people have trouble even agreeing what is “canon”
  • People criticise adaptations and what they change
  • Borrow from music and “the cover version”
    • Echos, resonance, harmony
  • Repetition without replication
    • Make the text or song ones own
  • A cover version of a new interpretation of an existing musical work
  • Difference between a cover version and a performance
    • Is a performance always trying to be identical?
  • Hetrocoosm – an adaption of an entire story world rather than a single story
  • The Hobbit Trilogy
    • Takes a children’s song and reconstructs as a complicated 3-part symphony
  • Reconstruction of rhythmic elements and driven by temporal elements
  • Harmonic and Dramatic deployment of consonance and dissonance
  • The Language of a Cover Version is useful for examining Tolkien Adaptations

John Sangster: Australian Jazz Composer and Lord of the Rings by Andrew Johnson

  • Born in Melbourne . 1928-1995
  • Recorded 4 double albums about Middle Earth between 1974-78
  • Overview of Career
    • Traveled to Europe, learned the drums on the way over on the boat
    • Learnt a lot over there and in US
    • Came back to Australia. Was on TV regularly in various roles. Did music for various shows (eg Hanna Barbarra)
    • Musical director of ‘Hair” musical in Australia
    • Very busy with TV during day, gigs in evenings
  • Tolkien
    • Introduced in 1958
    • Thought there should be more musical and adaptations of the stories
    • The Hobbit Suite – 1973
      • Sold well and had residuals from cartoon music. Gave him some time
    • Released “Lord of the Rings” in 1974. Very successful . Jazz
    • Created 16 more tracks and released as Volume 2 in 1975
    • Volume 3 in 1976
    • Lots of amusing songs titles
    • Two additional Albums with music
  • Music reissued following Jackson LOTR movies
  • Total seven hours of music
  • No issues with Tolkien Estate at the time
  • The album covers
  • Tracks for albums are listed here and nearby pages

Presentation: Phillip Menzies – The Words and Magic of Music in Rings of Power

  • Explanation of various bits of music in the Rings of Power
  • Themes from locations like Valinor
  • Themes for People like Galadriel ( one of the most common on the show)
    • Galadriel also has a second theme that hasn’t been heard in the show yet
  • Sauron’s theme. Ostinato
  • See the S1 Prologue scene (with young Galadriel’s boat) has some of Sauron’s theme
    • The Boy with Red Head might be a Sauron equivalent (or even him)
    • Red Hair in the series is often linked to evil
  • Had to skip the music in the Anatar revel in S2 due to time
  • What does Magic sound like?
    • Examples
  • The Stranger
    • Lots of hooks in with the Magic music. Like the magic is part of him
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Everything Open 2025 – Day 3 – Afternoon

tips to build and repair empathy with other teams by Cait Macleod

  • Consultant so often works with different teams
  • Tips
  • Signs
    • New to a Team and you notice weirdness
    • Feeling stressed or frustrated
  • Observe
    • Team contexts (eg ops vs dev)
    • Common pain points.
    • Misunderstandings
      • Defensiveness – maybe something else is going on
    • self-awareness
  • Influence
    • Working relationships with individuals
    • Giving Feedback – situation + behavior + impact
    • Challenge or Correct behavour
    • Restructure Interactions
    • Structural Change

I come to bury Ansible, not to praise it! by Daryl Tester

  • Ansible
    • A set of tools doing Infrastructure as Code
    • Runs a Domain Specific Language
    • Agentless
    • Idempotent
    • Inventories, Playbooks, facts, state based
  • Whats my beef with Ansible
    • Small Peeves
      • Transit python agent rather than true agentless
      • Lots of ssh sessions
    • Larger Peeves
      • Cognitive Overload with edge cases with launguage
      • YAML is difficult to work with. Lots of problems
      • Complexity of Variable precidence
      • Also – Global vars everywhere, lack of complex data structures, nested looping, blocks
  • Can we do better?
    • Found I was sometimes bypassing Ansible to work with the direct python. But hard for others to understand
  • Pyinfra
    • Inventories and deploys in python
    • Facts are loaded on demand
    • Requires a posix-ish shell at the other end
    • connectors are how we talk to a managed node ( ssh most common )
    • can run facts/operations from the command line
    • facts/operations are easily written/extended
  • Mode of Operation
    • “run” the inventory – single remote command ssh session
    • connects to hosts
  • On person project
    • Some others patching
    • Version 3 recently out
  • Demo

Lightning Talks

  • OER Collective
    • oercollective.caul.edu.au
    • Space to public Open Textbooks
    • Community, Grants, Professional development
    • Over 50 Open Books published. Creative Commons Licensed, Various formats besides just text
    • Have a talk to your librarian to find if OER Collective is the thing for you
  • Disabled Data Sovereignty
    • Just say “disabled” . Word is okay
    • Against “Data Harms”
    • Disability-justice Informed
    • Ability is a temporary privilege
  • Run a Conference
    • A brief history of the conference.
    • Wasn’t called Linux.conf.au at the start
    • Lots of changes. It evolves
    • Please run a conference, start small
  • tax-ato
    • Update since announced in 2023
    • A personal income tax library in Haskell for Australians
    • Lots of updated features
    • Bugs, feature requests and patches welcome
  • Quirkey Keyboard update
    • Hard to update everybody because they are all use different social media spaces
    • Use blogs, email cause searchable and open to everyone
  • Our purpose and make sure thats what the system does
  • OS solutions to protect daughter’s online browsing habits
    • Education
    • Content Filtering
    • Discussion and Verification
    • Only 7 so higher level of watching than older kids
    • Pi-hole filtering
    • Browser History
    • Browser policies
    • App pulls browsing history and sends to discourd every 5 minutes. Prometheus Metrics
  • How to Program Human Beings
    • I am course talking about Scottish Country Dancing
  • QMK Keyboard
    • Lots of magical macros
  • ipv6
    • No NAT, No DNAT
  • Quadlet – Running containers via systemd
    • included with podman
    • Does all sorts of cool stuff
    • Looks just like another systemd service
  • Blue Hackers
    • In recent years added neuro-diversity – ASD, ADHD, Bipolar 1 and II, etc
    • Also plugging Sunshine Coast Security Conference in mid-2025
  • A quick reminder about Gender
    • Not the same as Sex
    • Could mean several things
    • Lots of non-traditional genders
    • Can change
    • The GenderBread Person – www.genderbread.org
    • Lots of things only sorta connected
    • Gender question should be a text field

Conference Close

  • Thanks everybody
  • If you are keen to run your own conference ( eg EO 2026) contact the council
  • Pycon Au 2025 coming later this year
  • DrupalSouth Melbourne in March 2025
  • Kiwipycon in November 2025
  • DDD Melboune 2025 – 22 Feb – Dev conference
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Everything Open 2025 – Day 3 – Morning

You’ve been laid off. Now what? by Mike Jang

  • Author is older
    • Doesn’t advertise age
    • Limits Linkedin to more recent jobs
    • Sees reaction when potential employers see his age
  • Empathy for the Hiring Company
    • What do they want, what are they looking for?
  • 11 Steps after a layoff
    • Negotiate your layoff – eg in US extended medical insurance. From a different budget. The laptop
    • Applying for Unemployment
    • Regain Focus – Accept the job is going and focus on next step
      • Get over your anger. It shows up in Interviews
    • Setup a git repo with resume, stuff you are proud, samples, other professional stuff
      • Clone and customize repo per job potentially
      • Maybe a professional website
      • The git profile is not enough
      • Show you domain expertise – k8s, cicd – say what you have actually done
    • Don’t just ask for help
      • “Reaching out to my network”
      • Be credible – don’t say you “love the company that laid you off”
      • Add a headline with what your expertise do
      • Describe expertise and create posts about them
      • A good linkedin recommendations especially from company that laid you off is good
      • Craft recommendation for others to sign. Offer to write in return
      • Followup posts
      • Elevator pitch. Remind you contacts (cause contacts might only vaguely remember you)
      • Empathy for your contacts, they want to know what to say
      • Laid off groups: common ground
      • Chat groups. Slack, discord. Maybe don’t include those still with your ex-employer. Alumni groups ( job posts, referrals )
      • Social Media – Shares Solutions, Endorse others. Don’t abuse companies or people/groups.
    • Finding a Hiring Manger
      • Target a company. Check see any contacts on Linkedin that work there or 2nd level contacts that do.
    • Customize the Application
      • Match the job description
      • Customize your resume
      • Include a cover letter
      • 4-8 hours / company
      • If the company does open source then contribute to their OS
      • Don’t – No Generic Resumes
      • Link to portfilio and domain knowledge
    • Share your schedule
      • Set up a calendar (you can share a calendar, but block off some time for other other stuff and to show you are busy)
    • Show what you can do – When you should do extra
    • Prepare for the interview
      • Review all your stuff from above
      • Your stories, your portfilio
      • A closing statement, like an elevator pitch with stuff from the interview. Makes it easy for interviewer to prepare their report
      • Followup and thank
      • Help the Interviewer remember you. Followup and remind something postive from interview. But don’t nag after that
    • Negotiate an offer
  • Non-Traditional Searches
    • Specialty Groups – OWASP, Y-Combinator
  • Remember the Empathy
    • They want to solve problems. Show them you can solve those problems.
    • Like your elevator pitch.

Modularisation of Open-Hardware to Tackle the Digital Winter by Paul Gardner-Stephen

  • Mega65 Project
  • nlnet Foundation – Funded from the EU and in turn fund Open Source projects
  • Digital Winter
    • What happens when our ability to build open hardware systems is broken?
    • Supply Chain Disruption
    • Regulatory Capture
      • Especially in Radio frequency space
    • Conflict or social unrest
    • Technology Passes Complexity Event Horizon
      • Already at there for chips
        • Protocol complexity for something like a web-browser
  • If we want to make systems that can survive a digital winter
    • Needs to be simple enough to implement the software
    • Hardware needs to be at least simple enough to salvage parts for bad units
  • Software
    • Simply enough to maintain and have a smaller attack surface
    • But enough complexity to be useful
    • Cut out dependencies
    • Cut out complexity and uneeded feature
    • Graceful degradation if offline or with lower resources
    • If device is small enough ( eg 64 MB of RAM) there is less room for the malware to hide
    • Browser in 32KB ( could be smaller if was in assembler )
  • Previous Board was big
    • Took long time to iterate a new design. Lots to redo each cycle
  • Module System Design Criteria
    • Large PAD size
    • Unambiguous orientation and placement
    • No sharp protrusions so easy to stack boards togeather
    • Relatively small
  • Decisions
    • Half-round castellated Pins
    • Easy to attache and unattached boards from each other as you soldier.
    • Can add glitter to attached modules so tamper obvious
  • Next
    • Design and fabricate various modules
    • Assemble and test
    • Design and fabricate simple case
  • What you can do for your projects
    • Offline functionality
    • Segregate your subsystems
    • Energy and Comms sovereignty
    • Simple 80% alternatives / fall-back modes
    • Fell free to help with our project.
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Everything Open 2025 – Day 2 – Afternoon

I skipped a couple of talks to do Hallway track and other stuff

Koha – not your average library system by Aleisha Amohia

  • Name because software was made open source as a gift to the community
  • Started in 1999
  • First fully web-based opensource library system
  • Bugs and external patches soon after
  • Customizable and Configurable
  • Used in 18,000+ libraries
  • It is just a big database
    • Can be used as not just a library system
    • Can be used to catalog other stuff at organisations other than libraries like documents
  • Configurable via CSS, fonts, languages, CMS, feature toggles, etc
  • Customisable views for each branch are possible
  • Special Beyond the code
    • Offline circulation
    • Supports non-ascii characters
    • Translation capability
  • Is it harder to find people to work on stuff since it is writter in perl which is effectively a legacy language? – Has a good onboarding and support for devs and things still work
  • What are challengers with it being open source? –
    • People worry about quality of OSS. Fix: Good robust quality procedures
    • Think it is free – Have good support that is worth paying for
    • DB backend – MySQL and MariaDB

The circle of life: The Digital Skills GitBook project by Sara King

  • Working on project for last 5 years that is in the process of winding up
  • tinyurl.com/5539zzpx <- more information
  • Starting early 2019
  • 5 years later project is coming to the end of a natural cycle
  • Context
    • Group of 60 libraries looking for projects – CAUL Digital Librarians
    • Is there a book that teaches modern not-quite-technical computer skills?
  • With Pandemic lockdowns everybody started working from home
  • Why Gitbook?
    • “Book” is in the term helped
    • Similar project using github etc
    • CAUL eventually went Pressbooks, but not till later
    • Also qualified for free version
    • Learning git was a useful thing
  • Did the community really need this? – Wasn’t checked in detail, but seemed a cool idea
  • Happened at start of pandemic
    • Everyone online
    • Supportive community was good at start of pandemic
  • Took some courses in git and other tools
  • Did a prototype book on another subject to get the hang of the tech
  • “Gave ourselves permission to not know what we were doing”
  • Created chapters of the books to give outline
    • Each Chapter had 3 levels of knowledge in it. Novice, proficient, advanced
  • Went public in late-2021
  • Also did code of conduct, license, contributions guidelines
  • Told people about it via various methods
  • Worked to get people to contribute ad-hoc
  • But didn’t get the amount of contributions they were expecting
  • In 2023 University libraries having problems, budgets shrinking etc
    • People leaving or too busy
    • Some used experience on the project to get new more technical jobs
  • No new people joining to replace those leaving
  • 2025 reflecting on the project
  • Process and product are different
  • We equated enthusiastic about the idea and the process. But didn’t join in or wasn’t super into the product
  • Not shared a lot or got many hits
  • Goal of training people to create stuff was a big success
  • People gained lots of confidence with new tech
  • Support of CAUL was great, but no longer availbale
  • Next? – If people like the process maybe we should talk about that
  • Create a roadmap for other projects
  • Hand it over to somebody else? Doesn’t seem to be interest
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Everything Open 2025 – Day 2 – Morning

Skill Trees: Gamifying The Hard Things by Steph Piper

  • A list of skills
  • Each area has a series of skills that can be colored in.
  • Design
    • Hexagons are good
    • Can be done in any order, hard to connect meaningfully
    • Simple, flexable milestones
  • Reception
    • First on was 3d printing & modeling
    • Tested on makerspace student staff members. Good to identify gaps
  • Benefits
    • Reduce imposter syndrome or on the other size overconfidence
    • Target areas for improvement
  • Online on git – https://github.com/sjpiper145/MakerSkillTree
  • How to make a skill tree
    • Flexibility, not too cost restrictive, globally applicable
    • Peer reviewed
    • Final skill tree and translation
  • Book – The Learning Game by Ana Lorena Fabrega
  • Beta testing book of a collection of these skills.
    • Good published through “Make: Magazine”
    • 68 tiles per tree, 1020 skill tiles in the book
  • Tips for writing
    • Continue to evolve and improve
    • Do own illustrations was huge time saver from the publisher
    • Confidence in your work. The publisher will only do the final publishing
  • Looking to fill the gaps
  • Working on a kids version of the book

The Token Wars: Why not everything should be open by Kathy Reid

  • The Token Wars
    • A resource conflict fought through technical, social and legal means
  • What is a token?
    • An atomic unit of text taken from a larger collection called a corpus
    • text -> subwords tokens -> vectorization
    • Transformer architecture
    • Word embeddings capture semantic closeness of words
  • Scaling up to billions of tokens
    • Train the relationships between tokens based on all the text
  • The value of tokens and token economics and the actors in the token wars
    • Are the a public good?
    • No the are rivalrous either excludable or non-excludable
    • LLMs in 2024 were trained on 4 orders of magnitude data than 5 years ago.
    • Estimated 60-160 trillion tokens on the public web and some LLMs are trained on close to all of those
    • Synthetic Data especially low quality slop is polluting the Internet
    • Scrapers pick this up and train on it, concern about Model Collapse ( like a photocopy of a photocopy). Reduces the diversity of what it will produce.
  • Key actors in the token wars
  • Individual content creators
    • Included in corpus without permission
  • Platforms with user-generated content
    • Seeking to get paid for their content ( eg Reddit deal with OpenAI )
  • Archival Institutions
    • Australian National Film and Sound Archive: Maintain Trust, Transparancy, Create Public Value
  • Private Companies
    • Anthropic: Model Context Protocol
  • The AI Companies
    • Have used fair-use. Although some countries don’t have those
    • Companies blocking the common crawl
  • Governments
    • Having trouble balancing interests
  • Token Tactics – Protecting your token treasure
    • Data poisoning
    • Blocking bots and scrapers
  • Data Sovereignty
  • Futures
    • Hunt for more tokens
    • Better ways to block/prevent
    • Better understanding of the alateral damage of the resource conflicts
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Everything Open 2025 – Day 1 – Afternoon

The Storage Shift by Steven Ellis

  • Storage Data is critical for business
  • Requirements are always growing
  • Organisations already have existing solutions and relationships
  • Three Dimensions of data
  • Participants ( dev, ops, product ) all have different requirements and views
  • Where did you first store your data?
    • As spinning drives have gotten smaller the capacity has increased
    • Now people have small local storage and storage is not directly attached
  • Storage platforms / API driven storage
    • Block vs Files vs Object
  • Options for Kubernetes storage.
    • CSI operates on all levels
    • Able to create an destroy storage at kubernetes speed rather than waiting for storage admin (or even cloud storage API)
  • Workload Examples
    • Kubevirt and Kubernetes centric but applicable elsewhere
  • What about prosumer
    • Be careful with clouds except as backups
    • zfs and btrfs
    • Stephen uses TrueNas
    • 3 copies of all data. RAID isn’t a backup

What happened in production?! Instrumenting with OpenTelemetry by David Bell

  • A sample problem
    • Microservice based system
    • What happened in Production?
    • Errors up high, response time went bad
  • What about the logs?
    • 200s and then 500s . What does that mean?
  • Kept happening at 2pm every day. Sometimes bad, sometimes worse
  • O11y and OpenTelemetry
    • Find the internal state of a system just by asking questions
  • What about metrics
    • Pre-aggregated, No “connective tissue”, Can’t drill down
    • Answering known questions, good for alarms, graphs and dashboards
    • known-knowns and known-unknowns
  • What about Logs?
    • unstructured strings
    • Many logs lines per piece of work. Maybe with a request-id but not often
    • no schema or index So can be quite slow to parse
    • structured logs sometimes work
    • expensive to store yourself or pay to have stored
    • But we should still log – audit logging and security logging
  • Tracing is good
    • separate tooling from logs and metrics
    • often limited fields
    • often limited traces to even look at ( just the bad ones)
  • OpenTelemetry
    • covers metrics, logs and traces
    • wide language support and auto-instrumentation out of the box
    • Easy to get started
    • wrappers and external hooks
    • distributed tracing
  • Otel Traces
    • Traces are Directed Acyclic Graphs ( DAGs) of Spans
    • Spans are sort of structured logs with required firlds
    • Spans contain many attributes
    • Attributes can have high cadinality
    • Spans have high dimensionality
  • Otel isn’t for everything
    • Don’t put you secret data
    • Maybe not business logic
    • no guarantee on delivery ( sometimes traces get lost )
    • No for secuity/audit loggin
  • Sampling can be useful
    • head-based sampling ( based on head at start )
    • rule-based/tail-based grabs all and keeps some that are interesting
  • Setup ( for python ) – no code changes
    • install a couple of packages. One to gather, one to send
    • send in some env variables
    • Change docker run command to wrap your existing code
  • Setup (code changes )
    • Import packages
    • Shove attributes into a span in code (see example code in talk)
  • Demo of App (using Honeycomb)

Please don’t forget my parents! – Digital Exclusion is happening, so you all better know about it by Sae Ra Germaine

  • Various Background Stuff
  • Her Parents retired to rural property near outer suburb of Melbourne
  • Two phone lines
  • Mobile reception only available standing outside of the house
  • Wireless point-to-point wireless. Approx 1Mb/s but vulnerable to animals chewing through it
  • NBN
    • Originally was going to be Fiber to the premises.
    • Then got cheaper and fiber-to-the-curb or fiber-to-the-node and copper rest of the way
    • Today 98% on NBN but not everybody well connected
    • Parents land line got cut off regular due to errors
    • Then 3G got cut-off. 4G at parents place doesn’t really work
  • Digital Divide
    • Everything is now all online ( jobs, doctors, social services )
    • Satellite based Internet a lot more expensive than comparable options in cities
    • During covid lockdowns they were over 5km from various services which was a problem with movement restrictions
  • Libraries had to pivot during lockdows
    • wifi hotspots outside, accepting deliveries
    • Mobile libraries provide access to government services
    • Various other stuff on libraries

Open source voice interfaces in 2025 by Kit Biggs

  • Big changes in the last 12 months
  • AI has zoomed past inflated expectations and is now in the trough of disillusionment
  • Where are we with conversation user interfaces
  • What are the steps/software needed for this?
  • Get the sound
    • Digital microphones are good and do the first rough filtering
  • Is somebody actually speaking?
    • xiao_respeaker – example software project
  • Wake word recognisers
    • Commercial software work with a “wake word” ( Hey Siri )
    • Used to be hard to do, now easier
  • Word recognition just looks for specific words
    • Getting better
  • Contentious voice recognition
    • Also better
  • Intent recognition
    • Usually hooked in with communication to outside world
  • Feedback
    • Speech Synthesis is pretty much a solve problem
  • Looking at software you can use. Not cloud based
  • Wake Word
    • Picovoice Porcupine ( non commercial or licensed ) . 16 languages
    • OpenWakeWord
      • Great docs
      • Trains on Synthetic speech
      • More than good enough
  • Speech to Text
    • OpenAI Whisper was leader
    • Lots of new ones. Look at Moonshine
  • Text to Speech
    • Piper is the stand-out, actively developed
    • Others mostly good for english-only
    • Emotional synthesis is getting better
  • Hardware
    • Raspberry Pi 4 or 5
      • 5 has ability to plugin an accelerator
    • Rockchip Arm64 with neural coprocessor
    • AI in A Box ( Radxa Rock 5A)
  • Voice on a Microcontroller, the time has arrived
  • ESP32 processor is the most common option – $10 each
    • Dev board plus microphone maybe for $20 or so
    • Can do the wakeword stuff and then stream audio to something with more spec
  • How small can you go?
    • What can you do with a small board just by itself?
    • Speech recognition on micro-controller not there yet but phrase and wake word recognition works
  • Glasses display looking almost there
    • Can have microphones
    • Avoid cameras to avoid privacy concerns
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Everything Open 2025 – Day 1 – Morning

Keynote: Sustaining Open Source Software by Justin Warren

Good talk. Advise you have a watch it on Video. Good thoughts on the economics of Open Source

Sandboxing untrusted code with WebAssembly by Katie Bell

  • Works for MongoDB. Webscale!
  • Untrusted Code
  • Example Shopify
    • Supports 3rd party apps
    • What happens when 3rd-party apps goes offline and is used by a lot of stores
    • What if slow and inserts itself into customer flow making experience bad
    • Decided to hosted 3rd party apps in their cloud to provide better reliability
    • Shopify decided to go with webassembly
  • Some alternatives for sandboxing
    • Small VM like firecracker – 4MB memory, 125ms startup
    • Docker – Using Shared Kernel still
    • V8 Isolates – Used to isolating processes within a chrome tab. Cloudflare runs many workers in a process, startip 5ms
    • But not fair comparison. Lots of tradeoffs on how secure vs speed vs flexability
  • Webassembly
    • Designed to compile big apps to run in a browser (eg photoshop)
    • Is a compile Target – .wasm binary
    • Originally designed to usually be called from javascript ( in browser )
    • Is a tiny simulated computer, very locked down, can’t interact with anything outside. Can just provide and call functions
    • When you build compiler will usually create a javascript wrapper to make it easier to use so you don’t have to call wasm directly.
  • WASI
    • An API lets you run webassembly programs as regular programs
    • wasmtime – program to run .wasm directly
    • Keeps things sandboxed but can’t optionally provide with with a very limited set of stuff that must be explicitly provided
  • Sandboxing Webassembly in the real world
    • Shopify use this. See their docs and definitions
    • Firefox and Graphite font shaping library
      • Compiled from native code into wasm to ensure memory safety rather than audit or re-write in rust
  • Is it secure?
    • Sometimes. But WASI is built with holes intentionally so can have bugs
    • Wasmtime has a lot of work put into sandboxing though
    • Use multiple layers of security
  • WASI standard is in progress ( webassembly itself is fairly stable )

80% faster, 70% less memory: building a new high-performance, low-cost Prometheus query engine by Joshua Hesketh, Charles Korn

  • Works at Grafana Labs on Mimir database
  • Explains time-series database. (Name+Labels)+time+number
  • Talk covers the query app which turns promql requests into a result
  • Memory used by the old software was bouncing, had to be over-provisioned which wastes money or sends back errror to use if runs out of memory.
  • Prometheus Promql engine has little room for extensions
  • Problem
    • Prom promql engines loads the entire series into memory before processing it further
    • Fix would require a new new rewrite.
    • Which they did
  • MQE engine
    • Loads a bunch of samples and then streams to operator(s). Then repeats a bit at a time
    • Will fallback to Prometheus engine of function is not yet implimented
    • Very efficient on range queries
  • He explained memory allocation strategy using pooling. I got a little lost
    • “That was a very oversimplified example”
  • query-tee
    • Send queries to two different engines and ensure they return the same result for testing
    • Has test group for data that can run this over as well as live queries. Might to fizzy query testing in future
  • Engine is available and can be switched in via command line
    • Does fall-back if things are not implemented
    • Implements the most common queries (above 90% of actual request)

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